General Characteristics:

Interests shift from solitary to group pursuits
Having the "right" or "in" clothing becomes particularly important
Vocational interests become more prominent and realistic
Concerns about social issues develop
Beginning of a truer sense of self develops
Strong attitudes toward religious, ethnic, and racial groups begin to emerge

Physical Development

Rapid weight gain at beginning of adolescence; enormous appetite
Sexual maturity with accompanying physical and emotional changes
Females usually about two years ahead of males, sometimes a glandular imbalance
Bone growth essentially completed, adult height essentially reached, improved coordination

Characteristic Reactions:

Going to extremes, emotional instability and "know it all" attitude displayed
Return to habits of childhood - nail biting, tricks, impudence, day-dreaming
High interest in philosophical, ethical, and religious problems - search for ideals
Preoccupation with acceptance by the social group; fear of ridicule and/or being unpopular; overly sensitive; self-pity
Strong identification with an admired adult
Assertion of independence from family as a step toward adulthood
High interest in physical attractiveness

Special needs:

Conformity with and acceptance by the peer group
Adequate knowledge and understanding of sexual relationships and attitudes
Adult guidance which is kindly, unobtrusive, and does not threaten the feeling of freedom
Sense of direction without being pushed
The assurance of security - seeks both dependence and independence
Opportunities to make decisions and to earn some money